In the article titled “Why Socialism” (1949), Einstein proposes a variety of different theories regarding the state, but also, human nature. He assesses the two aforementioned subjects through a scientific lens and through historical materialism, much like Engels and Marx.
Although he does not speak about class contradictions, he speaks on how society came to be “most of the major states of history owed their existence to conquest”. Furthermore, he argues for two distinct types of laws, biological law, which is firm and cannot change, and societal law, which varies within societies, and can change.
Firstly, his introductory paragraph aims…
Although this conflict started in November of this year, it’s roots go back at least 30 years.
Up until 1991, Ethiopia had been ruled by a communist military junta, which was established in 1987 as the People’s Democratic Republic of Ethiopia by the DERG or Provisional Military Government of Ethiopia. At first, this state was a symbol of freedom, anti-colonialism and pan-africanism, but it slowly descended into corruption, chaos and disorder. For example, after the DERG took power, it redistributed the land from the landlords and slave owners to the peasants, giving people new opportunities for self determination and growth.
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Turkey’s history is a complex one, partly being home to some of the oldest and most formidable empires in history, such as the Ottoman Empire. It is a place as old as time, with many different cultures traversing its borders. What many don’t know about are its hidden underground cities, which are scattered across its beautiful landscape.
These vast underground cities were built roughly between the 8th-7th centuries BC, almost 3000 years ago. Some are older, and some are newer, but none remain inhabited today. …
Regent Park is the third largest Royal Park in London, being made up of 166 hectares (410 acres). It’s located in the northwest part of inner London, split between the city of Westminster and the borough of Camden. It’s a big park and it houses the London Zoo and Regent’s University, so it attracts a lot of visitors.
Back in the 1800s, shortly after the park was built, it was an extremely popular destination for Londoners. During winter, its huge lake would freeze over, thus allowing Londoners to ice skate over it for free.
Now imagine, hundreds of people, men…
Throughout the ages, philosophy has evolved and has never been constant. What we regard as philosophy now, might not have existed 300 years ago, and what they might have considered philosophy, we now consider it a science.
But what exactly is philosophy? The google definition of philosophy is:
“the study of the fundamental nature of knowledge, reality, and existence, especially when considered as an academic discipline.”
If we remove the last part, about academic disciplines, the given definition is quite accurate, but I would like to add that it’s aim is to answer questions about knowledge, reality, and existence. …
Italy, one of Europe’s largest countries, lies on one of the many micro-plates which make up the much larger tectonic plates. The fact that Italy lies on the Adriatic plate means that earthquakes are a common ocurrence.
The strongest earthquakes happen on convergent plate boundaries, where two or more plates collide, with one being thrust upwards and one downwards. Since the Adriatic plate is a convergent plate boundary, it means that earthquakes in Italy are especially bad, often destroying and killing many people.
Throughout Italy’s history, no earthquake has been as destructive and deadly as the 1908 Messina earthquake, which…
After Italy the end of Mussolini’s fascist dictatorship and after democracy being reintroduced to the peninsula, communism started growing in popularity, especially among poorer communities and workers. Italy was becoming an increasingly industrialised nation, and worker rights were lacking. The popularity of communism reached its peak in the latter half of the 20th century. After that, it slowly started decreasing in popularity, and the PCI or Partito Comunista Italiano (Italian Communist Party) went from being the biggest opposition party to the government, obtaining up to 34.4% of the votes in 1976, to its dissolution in 1991. …
A dark wave shocked Boston’s population, when an 8 meters(25 foot) wave of Molasses swept through the streets of Boston, after a catastrophic failure at the Purity Distilling Company. A day where 21 lives were lost and 150 more were injured, a day where capitalism failed, and death won.
Similarly to the London Beer Flood, this was caused by low safety standards and practices, as well as carelessness by workers and bosses alike.
For those who do not know, molasses is a thick, viscous liquid that is produced by refining sugarcane or sugar beets into sugar. Molasses is used in…
For centuries, we have made distinctions between philosophy and literature. Literature, ranging from the works of Shakespeare to Dante, has been marked by some of the world’s greatest minds who have shaped the field. Experts such as Edward Harcourt from the University of Oxford and Gregory Currie from the University of Nottingham have defined literature as a narrative, usually fiction, style of writing that tries to avoid stale forms of writing and raises questions and problems about a certain subject.
This definition is surely different from philosophy, as usually philosophy isn’t fiction, and doesn’t necessarily need any specific type of…
The ancient Minoans were a bronze age civilization that spanned through the ages, specifically from 3000BC to 1100BC. This once great civilization is said to be the first advanced civilization of Europe. They were the pinnacle of human evolution and technology and yet, we barely know anything about them.
The Minoans are what led to Europe gaining much of the technology needed for basic civilizations, and are accredited as being dubbed the “the first link in the European chain” by historian Will Durant. They had fortresses, great palaces, vast trade networks, their own writing system, and even plumbing.
18 year old writer based in Milan. Photographer and student. Lover of philosophy and history.